Mongolia Tours & Vacations
Landing in the concrete jungle of Ulaanbaatar, you might wonder where Mongolia keeps its famous wide-open spaces.
But just wait until you catch your first glimpse of sunrise over the famous Mongolian steppe. There’s no other view on Earth quite like it: mile after mile of rolling grassy plains, dotted with the white domes of gers and broken up with golden dunes or the craggy peaks of Tavan Bogd and the Altai mountains. It’s probably no surprise that our Mongolia tours are mostly about the getting out into the wild – soaking in the hot springs of Tsenkher or hiking through the Khogno Khan – but you’ll find there’s more to this country than just good views. With its epic history, brief communist past and a (proudly) democratic future, Mongolia is ready to greet the 21st century with plenty to offer the traveller.
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Mongolia at a glance
CAPITAL CITY
Ulaanbaatar (population 1.2 million)
POPULATION
3 million
CURRENCY
MNT
LANGUAGE
Mongolian
TIME ZONE
(GMT+08:00) Irkutsk, Ulaan Bataar
CALLING CODE
+976
ELECTRICITY
Type C (European 2-pin) Type E (French 2-pin, female earth)
Learn more about Mongolia
Best time to visit Mongolia
Mongolia has an extreme continental climate due to its inland location. The best time for travelling is from May to October when the weather is pleasant. Due to the popularity of the Naadam Festival, July is the busiest time to go; it can get crowded, but Ulaanbaatar buzzes with an incredible vibe during this time.
The wet season is from July to August and although it rains frequently during this time, the rain turns the countryside into a pleasant shade of green. It can get extremely cold from June to October, with snowstorms sometimes grounding flights and bringing transport systems to a halt.
Culture and customs
Mongolia is known for its strong nomadic traditions, but life has recently become more urbanized for many citizens in this sparsely populated country. Almost 50% of the population live in or near an urban centre, while the other 50% live a semi-nomadic lifestyle in the countryside; although, settled agricultural communities can be found in rural areas and are growing each year. Despite this change in lifestyle, the rich nomadic heritage remains strong and traditional Mongol songs, dance, stories and clothing are still celebrated, especially during festivals and national holidays.
Many Mongolian people are Buddhist - this is evident in the monasteries and temples that populate the urban areas as well as the remote regions. Shamanism is also still in existence in some of the more isolated regions of Mongolia where the proud cultures have been somewhat protected from modern influences.
A common thread that links most Mongolians is respect for family and the importance of hospitality. Probably borne from the nomadic way of life, sharing with others and receiving guests with grace is a common theme that recurs in Mongolian society. Harsh conditions, a changeable climate and the uncertainty of nomadic life mean that most Mongolians go out of their way to provide a safe haven for family, friends and guests. It is for this reason that turning down food or not accepting a warm welcome is not advisable.
Eating and drinking
Intrepid believes that one of the best ways of experiencing a country is by eating. Whether you're sampling street food, savouring a cheap eat or indulging in a banquet, there are endless options to choose from wherever you are in the world.
Mongolian food will probably be very different to what you’re used to. Due to many Mongolians living a nomadic lifestyle, access to ingredients and different modes of cooking are limited. Fermented milk products and meats such as goat, mutton and horse are commonly eaten. Vegetarians might find eating difficult here, especially since refusing food is considered rude when visiting people’s homes. The cafes and eateries of Ulaanbaatar offer more variety and should be frequented.
Things to try in Mongolia
1. Buuz
These steamed meat dumplings are usually served during festive times, but can be found in restaurants and cafes all year round.
2. Khuushuur
Similar to buuz, these meat-filled dumplings are fried, not steamed. Served in the cafes of Ulaanbaatar, these pastry pockets are a cheap, flavoursome snack.
Geography and environment
Bordered by China and Russia, Mongolia is a land of mountains and plateaus, grasslands, marshes and deserts. Even though Mongolia is landlocked, Lake Khovsgol (one of Asia’s largest freshwater lakes) provides 70% of Mongolia’s fresh water. This ancient lake provides much of the drinking water for the animal and human population, with the surrounding areas providing lush habitats for wolves, ibex, deer and bears. Due to Mongolia’s significant seismic activity, there are also many hot springs and volcanoes throughout the country.
Mongolia is one of the least densely populated countries in the world, leaving much space for nomadic herders to roam. The fast-growing capital city of Ulaanbaatar is an exception, being home to high-density housing, universities and financial institutions. As an economic centre and transport hub, Ulaanbaatar has all the modern conveniences expected of an international city.
History and government
Early history
The area now known as Mongolia has been inhabited for more than 800,000 years. Archaeological evidence, such as rock paintings, points to groups of hunters and gatherers living throughout Mongolia in prehistoric times.
Mongolia’s early history is coloured by battles and invasions, with various nomadic empires laying claim to the land. The most famous of these was the Mongol Empire, created by Genghis Khan in 1206.
This empire was known as the largest land-based empire of its time and had great success invading and claiming foreign territory, before declining due to infighting, disunity and the rise of neighbouring territories.
Recent history
Modern Mongolia is an interesting mix of Mongol, Chinese and Russian influences.
Rising up to gain independence from decades of communist rule, modern Mongolia is becoming more fast-paced and globalized as the years go by.
Holding its first democratic election in 1990, Mongolia now enjoys a time of relative peace and stability, with tourism, agriculture and mineral resources providing more abundance and improvements in infrastructure and living conditions.
Top 10 natural wonders of Mongolia
1. Lake Khovsgol
This shimmering, azure jewel of Mongolia is simply stunning. Surrounded by majestic mountains and fresh, alpine meadows, Lake Khovsgol is a photographer’s dream and the perfect playground for nature lovers and adventurers.
2. Selenge River
This powerful river in Northern Mongolia is surrounded by lush landscapes and agriculture. Home to a wide variety of wildlife and birds, this fertile area shows Mongolia in all its natural glory.
3. Gobi Desert
Covering a large part of southern Mongolia, the atmospheric Gobi Desert is a vast, barren expanse of dunes, rocks and gravel. Surprisingly, there are traces of life here, from flocks of cashmere goats to rare Gobi bears. Think you’ve seen deserts before? The Gobi Desert is simply like no other in the world.
4. Bayan Olgii
Remote, rugged and rich in archaeological treasures, this isolated part of Mongolia rewards the patient traveller with impressive historic sites, panoramic vistas, unaffected people and a fascinating culture.
5. Altai Tavan Bogd National Park
Home to lakes, glaciers, alpine forests and dramatic valleys, the rugged landscapes of this national park will mesmerize visitors. Home to eagles, deer, moose and ibex, this stunning national park showcases Mongolia’s untamed beauty at its finest.
6. Uran Uul
This extinct volcano is no longer threatening - it hasn’t erupted for centuries and is now covered in verdant grass and lush greenery. Hike to the rim and enjoy the views of the surrounding valley.
7. Darkhad Depression
The 200-odd lakes of the Darkhad Depression possess a mystical, romantic beauty. The Mongolian steppe and surrounding Taiga forest provides the ideal environment for reindeer-breeding nomads who frequent this area throughout the year.
8. Terkhiin Tsagaan Lake
This lake in Central Mongolia is a place of peace, stillness and beauty. Its uncrowded shores are a great place to spot the wide range of aquatic birds that call this picturesque lake home.
9. Tsenkher Hot Springs
The hot springs of Tsenkher are the real deal. Natural, non-commercial and remote, the open-air springs offer hot and steamy rejuvenation amid unspoiled rugged mountain scenery.
10. Gurvan Saikhan National Park
The huge variety of flora and fauna within this national park make it a popular tourist spot. See finches, vultures, gazelles, wild camels and the elusive, endangered snow leopard.
Shopping
Mongolia has loads of unique things to buy that you’re not likely to find anywhere else in the world. Look out for the items below in the shops and markets of Mongolia.
It's a good idea to check with your local customs officials to ensure that you are able to bring certain items back into your home country. Australia and New Zealand generally have strict quarantine laws.
Things to buy in Mongolia
1. Traditional clothing
Vibrant and unique, Mongolian belts, boots and hats are great mementos of your visit.
2. Art
Supporting local artisans is a good way to give back to the local economy. Vibrant paintings by Mongolian artists can be found in galleries and markets.
3. Cashmere
Mongolia’s cashmere is among the world’s finest, so why not pick up a scarf, sweater or wrap before heading home.
4. Felt
Felt products are easily found in most shops and markets of Mongolia. Delicate felt slippers are super soft and make great gifts for friends.
Festivals and events in Mongolia
Tsagaan Sar
One of the most important Mongolian celebrations, the White Moon holiday (Lunar New Year) marks the end of winter.
Mongolians typically celebrate by feasting on regional specialties and enjoying traditional song and dance with family and friends.
Naadam Festival
Dating back centuries, this traditional Mongol event is held in Ulaanbaatar with smaller versions also held throughout the countryside.
This celebration of sport and fitness features wrestling, horse riding and archery competitions, as well as traditional song and dance.
Further reading
| Title | Author |
| Hearing Birds Fly: A Nomadic Year in Mongolia | Louisa Waugh |
| Modern Mongolia: From Khans to Commissars to Capitalists | Morris Rossabi |
| Mongolia: Travels in an Untamed Land | Jasper Becker |
| When Things Get Dark: A Mongolian Winter's Tale | Matthew Davis |
| Wild East: Travels in the New Mongolia | Jill Lawless |
| Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World | Jack Weatherford |
Mongolia travel FAQs
Trips from 1 January 2023 onwards
From 1 January 2023, Intrepid will no longer require travellers to provide proof of vaccination against COVID-19 (excluding all Polar trips and select adventure cruises).
However, we continue to strongly recommend that all Intrepid travellers and leaders get vaccinated to protect themselves and others.
Specific proof of testing or vaccination may still be required by your destination or airline. Please ensure you check travel and entry requirements carefully.
Citizens of the UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and most EU countries will need a visa to enter Mongolia as a tourist for up to 30 days. Citizens of Canada will not need a visa for visits up to 30 days and citizens of the USA will not need a visa for visits of up to 90 days. Citizens of other countries should check with the relevant consulates as to whether a visa is required. If a visa is required, you will need to obtain it in advance. There is no visa on arrival in Mongolia at land or air borders.
MONGOLIA - LETTER OF INVITATION (LOI):
Most embassies do not require a LOI. However, should you be required to present one with your visa application please contact us. There may be a fee for this service. In order for us to provide a LOI through our local partners we will require a clear, colour scan of your passport along with an indication of at which embassy you will be applying for your visa. Please allow up to 3 weeks for your LOI to be processed after which you will be able to apply for your visa.
MONGOLIAN VISA EN-ROUTE:
You may be able to apply for your Mongolian visa in Beijing en-route if you have time here before your trip. Please plan carefully and check the current embassy requirements. You will need to organise this yourself and ensure you have all the correct documentation to obtain the Mongolian Visa.
INFORMATION REQUIRED FOR MONGOLIAN VISA APPLICATION:
You will need to apply for a Single Entry Tourist Visa (J) that covers the duration of your stay in Mongolia. Visas are usually valid for 3 months from the date of issue and enable to you to stay for up to 30 days from date of entry.
DOCUMENTS REQUIRED FOR MONGOLIAN VISA APPLICATION:
You may be required to provide a copy of your itinerary, indicating the dates of your tour, along with your application.
Tipping isn’t a local custom in Mongolia; however, the bars and cafes of Ulaanbaatar are used to receiving tips from tourists. Use your discretion and tip if you feel like it.
Internet access is widely available in Ulaanbaatar. Some cafes have WiFi, while many hotels and guesthouses have internet connectivity. Internet availability is far less common outside of Ulaanbaatar, so expect no access when leaving the city.
Cell phone coverage is generally good in Mongolia, although coverage may be patchy in remote or mountainous areas.
Flushable, European-style toilets are common in the hotels and restaurants of Ulaanbaatar. Throughout the rest of the country, squat toilets are the standard, with the exception of some ger camps and homestays, where toilets may be simple holes in the ground. Please be aware that, in most cases, soap and toilet paper aren’t provided, so make sure you come prepared.
Drinking tap water isn't recommended in Mongolia. For environmental reasons, try to avoid buying bottled water. Fill a reusable water bottle or canteen with filtered water. Ask your leader where filtered water can be found. It's also advisable to avoid ice in drinks and to peel fruit and vegetables before eating.
Major credit cards are usually accepted by most large hotels and restaurants in Ulaanbaatar and some other cities, however smaller establishments may not have credit card facilities. Ensure you have other payment options when visiting small shops and markets, and when travelling through rural areas.
Travellers can access ATMs in Ulaanbaatar; however, rural regions run on a cash economy, so prepare for this when leaving the city.
Absolutely. All passengers travelling with Intrepid are required to purchase travel insurance before the start of their trip. Your travel insurance details will be recorded by your leader on the first day of the trip. Due to the varying nature, availability and cost of health care around the world, travel insurance is very much an essential and necessary part of every journey.
For more information on insurance, please go to: Travel Insurance
From Australia?
Go to: Smart Traveller
From Canada?
Go to: Canada Travel Information
From the UK?
Go to: UK Foreign Travel Advice
From New Zealand?
Go to: Safe Travel
From the US?
Go to: US Department of State
The World Health Organisation also provides useful health information.
Yes, all Intrepid trips support the Intrepid Foundation. Trips to this country directly support our global Intrepid Foundation partners Eden Reforestation Projects and World Bicycle Relief. Intrepid will double the impact by dollar-matching all post-trip donations made to The Intrepid Foundation.
Eden Reforestation Projects
Eden Reforestation Projects are helping to mitigate climate change by restoring forests worldwide; they also hire locally and create job opportunities within vulnerable communities. Donations from our trips support restoration across planting sites in 10 countries around the globe.
Find out more or make a donation
World Bicycle Relief
World Bicycle Relief provides people in low-income communities with bicycles to mobilise school kids, health workers, and farmers in far-out areas – giving them access to vital education, healthcare, and income. Donations help provide Buffalo Bicycles – specifically designed to withstand the rugged terrain and harsh environment of rural regions – to those who need them most.
Find out more or make a donation