Portugal Tours & Holidays

Portugal is a Roman Catholic country that has been influenced by many cultures over the years. The Portuguese hold onto traditional family values and are renowned for their appreciation of food and the arts, with three Portuguese cities – Lisbon, Porto and Guimaraes – having been designated European Capitals of Culture.

Walk the streets of a Portuguese city and you’ll be greeted by colour and chatter. The locals love nothing more than having a chat with each other, or with tourists, be it about the weather or politics or football. More often than not, these conversations take place during one of the day’s endless number of coffee breaks, or around the lunch or dinner table. Debates are encouraged, particularly with a glass of port in hand.

Pop into a bar in Lisbon and you may be greeted by the mournful sound of ‘fado’, a Portuguese style of music that’s listed as Intangible Cultural Heritage by UNESCO. The lyrics often relate back to the sea and a sense of nostalgia, homesickness and longing, and it holds such a special place in Portugal’s heart that when Amalia Rodrigues, the so-called ‘Queen of Fado’, died in 1999, three days of national mourning were declared.

This love of the arts isn’t limited to music either; Lisbon is jammed full of art galleries and even the pavements, all over the country, are patterned and decorated in a mosaic style. It’s just one example of the Portugal’s love of beauty, whether that beauty is found in art, food or each other.

Ancient

The Iberian Peninsula was once made up of various tribes including the Celts, Aquitani, Iberians and Turdetani. Trade had been established across the Mediterranean by the Greeks and Phoenicians, though the Romans came to control the entire peninsula. As the Roman Empire began to weaken, the peninsula was invaded by various barbarian tribes and the Visigoths came out victorious. They controlled the entire Iberian Peninsula and converted to Catholicism.

The Moors and Reconquista

Meanwhile, Islamic forces had been slowly sweeping from the Middle East to Northern Africa and in AD711 the Moors crossed the Gibraltar Strait and defeated the Visigoths. They pushed north and conquered nearly all of the peninsula, though the Christian kingdom of Asturias held strong in the northwest thanks to the protection of the surrounding mountains. The Iberian Peninsula was known as Al-Andalus and became a centre for science and progress, though infighting eventually led to the area being split into a number of independent Muslim states.

In the 11th century, Christian soldiers from across Europe answered the call to fight the ‘infidels’ during a period known as the Reconquista. The Moors were pushed south and, in 1139, Afonso Henriques declared himself the King of Portugal after defeating the Moors in the south. The Algarve was conquered in the late 13th century and Portugal’s borders were defined.

Global expansion

After securing their borders, the Portuguese turned their attention abroad. Nearby Morocco was the first target and Portugal’s victory spurred the country into global exploration. Africa, Southern India and Brazil followed, as well as trading posts in Timor, China and more. Their plan was simple: despite having a relatively tiny population, they would build their empire through trade.

This, of course, was unsustainable for such a small nation and they eventually found themselves in and out of Spanish rule towards the end of the 17th century. A period of peace and prosperity ensued until a giant earthquake hit Lisbon in 1755, levelling the city and causing tens of thousands of deaths. The Prime Minister at the time, Marques de Pombal, famously promised to ‘bury the dead and heal the living,’ and somehow did just that.

19–20th centuries

After Brazil’s independence was recognised in 1825 the Portuguese focused in on the domestic front. Education improved, as did women’s rights, and slavery was ended across the Portuguese colonies. Still, discontent was spreading as inequality rose and the monarchy was seen as a cause of this: the king, Carlos, was assassinated and his son was exiled to the UK – an unstable republic was born.

Over the following 16 years there were 45 changes of government. Coup after coup after coup took place, with Portugal supporting the Allies in WWI and remaining neutral in WWII. The post-war years saw yet another coup in Lisbon, known as the Revolution of the Carnations, led by military personnel sympathetic to the colonies, and the decolonisation of territories swiftly followed. Countries like East Timor and Angola were plunged into chaos and by the late 1970s, Portugal was equally, if not more, unstable.

Modern

It’s been a long slog for Portugal and the economy is by no means safe. The country was in a serious recession for years, but the past five years have seen unemployment drop and wages rise. There’s been a heavy investment in green energy too. And though tourist numbers continue to swell and boost the economy, the cities are facing similar problems to a lot of European hotspots: rising rents and cost of living, thanks to tourism, are forcing locals out of the city centres. But for now, Portugal is going from strength to strength and looking positively towards the future.

Portugal is located on the western side of the Iberian Peninsula. It shares an extensive land border with Spain to the east and north, while the west and south of the country are hugged by the Atlantic Ocean. The country’s geography varies from north to south and is a nice mix of plains, woodlands, mountains and beaches.

The extensive coastline is known for its dramatic cliffs and sandy beaches, with the south of Portugal, an area known as the Algarve, being particularly popular with tourists. The northern coast is equally beautiful but more influenced by the Atlantic and experiences more rain and wild weather, particularly during the winter.

To the west of Portugal is the island archipelago known as the Azores, an autonomous region of Portugal. These islands have been visited by sailors for centuries and are renowned for their dramatic beauty. The volcanic peaks, lush landscapes and colourful fishing villages host some 250,000 residents across nine islands. The Azores has a subtropical oceanic climate, which is warm in summer but by no means a ‘tropical paradise’. The Atlantic makes the temperature much more mild than the islands of the Mediterranean.

Inland Portugal is defined by the Douro River, which empties through Porto, and the Tagus River, which empties through Lisbon. Portugal’s south features rolling plains with a relatively warm and dry climate, while the north is far more mountainous with a wetter climate. The highest point on mainland Portugal is Torre (1993 m/6539 feet) in the Serra da Estrela range, which is a popular skiing destination in the winter.

It’s unsurprising, given Portugal’s location, that seafood plays a massive role in the Portuguese diet. In fact, the national dish of bacalhau (salted cod) can supposedly be cooked in over 365 ways, one for each day of the year. But it’s not just seafood that’s on the menu – the Portuguese have a varied and, quite frankly, mouth-watering range of dishes as well as a world-class wine industry.

Keep an eye out for some of these while travelling through Portugal: 

1. Caldeirada
   This stew, which is packed with several different types of fish, is one of Portugal's most popular and enduring dishes. Expect sardines, cod, haddock, tuna and mackerel, doused in white wine and olive oil, served with a chunk of crusty bread. Simple but effective!
2. Pasteis de Nata
   The Portuguese custard tart has wrapped its delicious ­– and admittedly non-existent – arms around the globe and the world’s tastebuds are cheering. These gooey little goodies feature flaky pastry and custard filling and can be eaten by the dozen (but shouldn’t be, for health reasons).
3. Carne de Porco á Alentejana
   The popular Portuguese version of surf and turf hails from the Alentejo region but can be found served all throughout Portugal. Featuring pork and clams as the hero ingredients, white wine, paprika and coriander add flavour that is difficult to resist.
4. Feijoada
   Brazil's national dish was actually invented by the Portuguese and this stew still endures as a common favourite in Portugal. Featuring beans, pork or beef and vegetables, this hearty stew is typically served with rice, although regional differences make this dish a different proposition every time.
5. Entrecosto com Mel
   Meat lovers will salivate over these succulent pork ribs marinated in honey, garlic and liquor. Served with a side of chilli sauce, this oven-roasted feast is perfect for a decadent celebration.
6. Francesinha
   This is Porto’s sandwich to end all sandwiches. Translating as the ‘Little Frenchie’, this dish is anything but. It’s the Portuguese adaptation of the classic French toastie and features bread, pork, sausage, bacon and beef, topped with cheese and a fried egg and served with fries on the side. Give it a try ­– you won’t regret it (you almost certainly will).
7. Port
   Portugal’s Douro Valley, upriver from Porto, is the third-oldest wine region in the world and the only one capable of producing port wine. Fortified wines are made all over the world but only wines from the Douro can be labelled as ‘port’. A sweet red wine, usually served for dessert, port has been made in the Douro since the mid-18th century and the landscape is as beautiful as the wine is delicious.

If you're travelling to Portugal you better pack your party shoes. No matter what time of year you're visiting, you'll see the locals take to the streets for some kind of 'festa'.

Santo Antonio Festival

Sometimes known as the Festival of Sardines, this festival takes place in mid-June though it’s part of a full month of celebrations in Lisbon. Portugal’s capital is filled with people grilling fish in the street and celebrating St Anthony, the patron saint of the city. The streets are filled with revellers, with the party beginning in the afternoon of June 12 and continuing until sunrise – June 13 is a bank holiday.

Carnaval

If you can’t make it to Brazil for Carnaval and happen to be in Europe, Portugal is the place to head for some wild times. Colourful parades and heaving street parties take place all over the country in celebration of the beginning of Lent.

Obidos Medieval Festival

From mid-July to August, Obidos hosts a medieval festival filled with jousting knights, feasts and performances, all in front of the city’s imposing castle. The town recreates medieval Europe with banners and flags strung across the town and soldiers, jugglers, minstrels and more wandering the streets.

Music festivals

Portugal’s summer features a number of hugely popular music festivals that attract superstar acts from across the globe. Some of the biggest are Primavera Sound in Porto, the Portuguese adaptation of the Barcelona-based festival, and Rock in Rio, which is held every two years in Lisbon, as well as NOS Alive.

Public holidays that may impact travel include:

• Liberty Day
• Labour Day
• Portugal Day
• Corpus Christi
• Assumption of Mary
• Republic Implantation
• All Saints’ Day
• Restoration of Independence
• Feast of the Immaculate Conception

Please note that the dates of Portugal's public holidays may vary.

Portugal offers up the full gamut of shopping experiences from big city malls to dusty little antique stores hidden in the winding backstreets. Shopping not really your thing? That's fine, just eat your way through the country instead.

Remember, it's a good idea to check with your local customs officials to ensure that you are able to bring certain items back into your home country. Australia and New Zealand generally have strict quarantine laws.

Port

A great keepsake from a trip to Portugal is a bottle of fortified from its spiritual home. Wander down Porto’s steep streets to the harbour and spend some time visiting the port houses lining the water. You can do tastings, enjoy a meal and pick up a bottle from famous houses like Taylor’s and Sandeman’s, or opt for something a little different like Kopke, which is the oldest port house in Porto and has been producing the sweet stuff since 1638.

Azulejo

Azulejos are colourful, decorative tiles that can be found on surfaces all over Portugal. They were used as a form of art as well as to control the temperature in homes. The tiles are classically blue and white, although they are found in other colours, and can be bought brand-new or found in antique stores across the country.

Galo de Barcelos

The Rooster of Barcelos is the unofficial symbol of Portugal. There are various legends surrounding the rooster, but they all come back to a passing pilgrim claiming his innocence and declaring that a cooked rooster on the dinner table would rise and crow at the hour of his hanging. Every souvenir shop in the country will have various gifts relating to the rooster, but it’s worth keeping an eye out in the various markets for a more authentic, locally crafted example.

1. Porto

Sip on a snifter of port in its city of birth. A colourful, cobbled city, Porto is an intoxicating concoction of harbour history, winding streets and hidden gems

2. The Algarve

There’s a patch of sand for everyone along the dramatic Algarve, whether you’re there to surf, party or simply soak up the sunshine.

3. Lisbon

Live that cosmopolitan life in Portugal’s most exciting city. Architecture, nightlife, seafood and a haunting fado performance await.

4. Coimbra

Home to Portugal’s oldest university and (maybe) the world’s most beautiful library, Coimbra is a cultural experience like no other.

For inspiring stories to prepare you for your Portugal adventure, check out these books:

• The Book of Disquiet – Fernando Pessoa
• Night Train to Lisbon – Pascal Mercier
• The History of the Siege of Lisbon – Jose Saramago
• Baltasar and Blimunda – Jose Saramango
• The Portuguese: A Modern History – Barry Hatton